Since the 1950s, the name commonly refers to the high dam, which is larger and newer than the aswan low dam, which was first completed in 1902. The aswan dam is located in egypt and it crosses the river nile, the longest river in the world. The main purpose is to assess, as corn prehensively as possible, the value of the. Nov 09, 2017 the aswan high dam is an embankment dam that was constructed across the nile in egypt in the years between 1960 and 1976. The building of the aswan high dam which was completed in 1967 did not cause any increase in schistosomiasis prevalence. The initial design was soon found to be inadequate and the height of the dam was raised in two phases, 19071912 and 19291933. Before it was flooded, the valley extended for 160 miles 250 km between the town of aswan and the sudanese bordera narrow and picturesque gorge with a limited. In 1990, a study conducted in nine governorates of egypt confirmed the change in the pattern of schistosomiasis transmission in the delta.
Aswan high dam, river nile, sudan, egypt water technology. The high dam created a 30% increase in the cultivatable land in egypt, and raised the water table for the shara as far away as algeria. It has a hydroelectric plant, with six turbines, capable of producing 2. The dam is 3600 metres long, 980 metres thick at base and 111 metres tall at its highest point.
Pdf extended deterministic seismic hazard assessment for. The dam, 364 feet 111 metres high, with a crest length of 12,562 feet 3,830 metres and a volume of 57,940,000 cubic yards 44,300,000 cubic metres, impounds a reservoir, lake nasser, that has a gross. The completion of egypt s own aswan high dam in 1971 with the help of the former soviet union disrupted the normal flow of the nile, reducing the amount of silt carried downstream and the vital. Completed on july 21, 1970, the aswan high dam is 3,600. Aswan egypt more than just the high dam travel blog. The principal objective behind the construction of the aswan high dam is to store sufficient water in the reservoir in order to protect egypt from the dangers of a series of years when the nile flood is above or below the longterm average and thus to guarantee a steady flow of water from the nile for both egypt and sudan. There can be no doubt that if the drought had continued for another few years, even the aswan high dam would not have been able to protect egypt from its ravages. From argentina to australia and from tokyo to timbuktu, professionals in water management and development are often familiar with the high aswan dam, even though they may not be aware of the. When initially constructed between 1899 and 1902, nothing of its scale had ever been attempted. Managing risks of the grand ethiopian renaissance dam on egypt. When it first came online, almost half of the available electric power came through the dam. The aim of the present paper is to estimate the evaporation losses from ahdr at 2050 due to the expected climate changes. Environmental impacts of the gerd project on egypts aswan high dam lake. Pdf without any doubt, the high aswan dam in egypt has been the most well known dam in the world in the past five decades.
A general view of the blue nile as it passes through the grand ethiopian renaissance dam, which has been a flash point for tensions between egypt. Miky1,2 1department of geomatics, faculty of environment design, king abdulaziz university, jeddah, saudi arabia 2faculty of engineering, aswan university, aswan, egypt abstract the area in the downstream of aswan high dam is. The four cases studied in the present book include three large projectsbhakra dam system india, aswan high dam egypt and sobradinho dam and the set of cascading reservoirs brazil and one small check dambunga india. Jul 20, 2015 the completed dam is almost 4km long and 111 metres tall. Its significance largely eclipsed the previous aswan low dam initially completed in 1902 downstream. Aswan dam location the aswan dam is built on the river nile, just south of the city of aswan in egypt. Aswan dam the aswan dam is an embankment dam situated across the nile river in aswan, egypt. Aswan dam hydroelectric project united arab republic egypt. An objective analysis of the impacts of the dam clearly indicates that overall they have been overwhelmingly positive for egypt. Importance of aswan high dam to egypt springerlink. Part of the rationale for this dam was to manage the natural cycles of flood and. The difference between these limits, more than 7 billion m3 yr. Egypt s modern example of construction on a monumental scale, the controversial aswan high dam assadd alali contains 18 times the amount of material used in the great pyramid of khufu and created lake nasser, the worlds largest artificial lake from the 1940s, it was clear that the old aswan dam, which only regulated the flow of water, was not big enough to counter the unpredictable. The aswan dam, or more specifically since the 1960s, the aswan high dam, is the worlds largest embankment dam built across the nile in aswan, egypt, between 1960 and 1970.
The aswan high dam is 3,830 meters long, 980 meters wide at the base, 40 meters wide at the crest, and 111 meters tall. The dam is able to power twelve generators each rated at 175 megawatts with a total of 2. The aswan high dam is an embankment dam that was constructed across the nile in egypt in the years between 1960 and 1976. Multitemporal sentinel1sar interferometry for surface deformation monitoring near high dam in aswan, egypt yehia h. An agreement concluded in 1959 between the two countries sets a maximum.
Assuan high dam egypt assouan high dam egypt as sadd al. It provides irrigation water and electricity for the whole of egypt. By 1920, egypt became an active testing ground for a variety of new drugs and molluscicides 5. The high dam in aswan is one of the most successful achievements of the egyptians during the 21st century. Negm, sommer abdelfattah this unique volume discusses various aspects of the grand ethiopian renaissance dam gerd and the aswan high dam ahd including their positive and negative impacts. The aswan high dam seen from space photo courtesy of nasa. United states withdraws offer of aid for aswan dam history. Construction for the project began in 1960 and was completed in 1968.
To make this site work properly, we sometimes place small data files called cookies on your device, in keeping with the standard policy of most large websites. In the same time losses of water by evaporation from aswan high dam reservoir ahdr may be changed. Aswan high dam helped egypt from the drought from 97273 and 198387. Egypt depends on the nile river to secure 95% of the water needed for different purposes as drinking, household uses, agriculture, fishing source, water transportation, tourism, electricity generation from the high dam and industry. The soviets rushed to egypts aid, and the aswan dam was officially opened in 1964. At a dramatic ceremony in southern egypt, the two heads of state together, along with president arif of iraq and president sallal of yemen, pressed a button to blow up a huge sand barrage and divert the ancient river nile into a canal, allowing the next.
The decline of egypt s quota of water will also affect the electricity production of the high dam station up to 30% of its total production, according to eng. Ethiopias blue nile dam is an opportunity for regional. During a typical operational year for the aswan high dam, about 15% of the total electrical supply available to the country comes through this project. Extended deterministic seismic hazard assessment for the aswan high dam, egypt, with emphasis on associated uncertainty. The aswan high damthe dam was conceived as an ambitious, multipurpose projectaimed at improving irrigation and water resource control anddevelopment, increasing cultivation, providing protectionagainst high floods and severe drought, and facilitatingnavigation, fishery expansion and electric power generation,while minimizing harmful effects on. But since the late 1960s, the nile river has been under the control of humans because of the construction of the aswan high dam. At the eastern end of the dam there is a visitors pavilion detailing the construction of the dam and at the western end, there is a lotusshaped tower, built to commemorate the soviet union. The unintended consequences of egypts aswan dam the. Without any doubt, the high aswan dam in egypt has been the most wellknown dam in the world in the past. The high dam produces half of egypt s electricity, this includes twelve generators each rated at 175 megawatts with a total.
Based on the success of the low dam, then at its maximum utilization, construction of the high dam became a key objective. Almost all hydroelectric generation in egypt comes from the aswan high dam. Request pdf importance of aswan high dam to egypt river dams are generally constructed for several purposes such as. The aswan dam, or more specifically since the 1960s, the aswan high dam, is an embankment dam built across the nile in aswan, egypt, between 1960 and 1970.
Dam, egypt had come perilously close to feeling the catastrophic impacts of the drought in 1988, due to a dangerously low water level in the high dam lake. Works on the dam built in 18981902 are entered under aswan dam egypt. Aswan high dam power station 2400 mw to cairo is now connected via ac system composed of two circuits, to egyptian electric power system grid 500 kv, 16,500 mw, 50 hz as mentioned on egyptian electricity annual report 20112012 and 2012 and shown in fig. Nubian valley, nile river valley above aswan, egypt, now submerged in the waters behind the aswan high dam that form lake nasser. The aswan high dam has now been operational for 20 years. Egypts giant leap forward reading and class discussion introduces students to the nile valley basin. Jul 27, 2019 dulles might have believed that without the american aid, the dam project would fold.
In egypt, temperature increase will have direct effect on the agriculture and domestic water demand. Aswan high dam facts aswan high dam impacts trips in egypt. Part of the rationale for this dam was to manage the natural cycles of flood and drought to produce dependable water supplies for farming and other uses. The dam is fed by the river nile and the reservoir forms lake nasser. The four main hydroelectric generating stations currently operating in egypt are the aswan low dam, the esna dam, the aswan high dam, and the naga hamady barrages. But, significant changes from basin to perennial irrigation due to aswan low dam construction significantly altered snail habitat distribution and set the stage for the high baseline disease prevalence rates as early as the 1930s. Egypt s giant leap forward the aswan high dam seen from space photo courtesy of nasa. It saved egypt from flooding and provided it with water and electricity. The rest of the rivers flow is stored behind the aswan high dam and is considered a strategic stock for egypt in. Aswan high dam is a rockfill dam located at the northern border between egypt and sudan. Grand ethiopian renaissance dam versus aswan high dam.
Multitemporal sentinel1sar interferometry for surface. Dams on nile river, high dam in egypt, sudans dams, grand. It is an earth dam with clay core founded on a liquefiable foundation subjected to earthquake loading. Jul 27, 2019 after 11 years of construction, the aswan high dam across the nile river in egypt is completed on july 21, 1970. Abu simbel, a nubian monument carved out of the mountainside over 3,200 years ago. Philae templeunfinished obelisk and high dam day tour in. President gamal abdul nasser of egypt and soviet leader nikita khrushchev have marked the first stage in the building of the aswan high dam. Previous estimates of average annual evaporation from the lake formed by the high dam at aswan, egypt, fall in the range from 4. Abdul nabi abdulghani, chairman of the board of directors of the high dam electricity company in an interview in 20. Since it is power generation dam, once the dam is filled, in order to optimize the power generation ethiopia has to release the water to operate the turbines. The value of the high aswan dam to the egyptian economy. The electricity producing capability of the dam doubled egypt s available supply.
The aswan high dam is a rock fill dam constructed and impounded in south of egypt. During the construction process of the aswan dam, more than 90,000 nubians were relocated as. The high dam of aswan is one of the most important achievements of the in the last century in egypt, even for many years it was a symbol of the new era of the revolution of 1952. The decline of egypts quota of water will also affect the electricity production of the high dam station up to 30% of its total production, according to eng. The waters of lake nasser, the worlds largest manmade lake, have amassed behind it. The aswan high dam was a tremendous technological achievement, but building the dam was a controversial decision that has been debated for. See also whats at wikipedia, your library, or elsewhere.
The high dam added an whole new aspect to egypt, and a new environment as well. Aswan high dam to egypt presents in some detail the positive impacts of the ahd on egypt and. High dam the aswan high dam is 3,600 m in length, 980 m wide at the base, 40 m wide at the crest and 111 m tall. The aswan low dam or old aswan dam is a gravity masonry buttress dam on the nile river in aswan, egypt. Pdf without any doubt, the high aswan dam in egypt has been the most wellknown dam in the world in the past five decades. It provides a majority of the energy needs of egypt. Compared to ethiopia, which relies on natural rainfall to meet its water demand, egypt will have greater readiness to cope with minor changes in the flow of the nile. Located about 10 miles south of the city of aswan, egypt, for which it is named, the aswan high dam is a major feat of engineering and is one of the marvels of the modern world. The high dam also allowed egypt to reclaim about 2 million feddans in the delta and along the nile valley, increasing the countrys irrigated area by a third. After 11 years of construction, the aswan high dam across the nile river in egypt is completed on july 21, 1970. Fum ismailiya canal shoubra elkhima, box 74, cairo, egypt. It also marked the success of the egyptian revolution in 1952 as it became a major objective of the egyptian government in that period to construct a dam to control the flood of the water of the river nile and also produce a considerable amount of electricity.
There are two dams in egypt old aswan dam and aswan high dam. Almost destroyed in the 60s after the construction of the high dam, these temples were moved stone by stone to an artificial hill made above the dam to protect them from the floods. Aswan high dam is situated 660 meters west of aswan high dam. From time to time the bank and egypt have discussed various schemes for the development of nile water. The 550km long reservoir created when it was flooded is known as lake nasser, and holds 2 cubic kilometres of water. When the high dam was bid on there was a long line of possible suitors.
The high dam is one of the most important egyptian achievements during the last century. The asyut barrage hydropower plant is scheduled to be commissioned and added as a fifth station in 2016. Aswan high dam egypt here are entered works on the dam completed in 1971. Philae templeunfinished obelisk and high dam day tour in aswan at 8. Aswan high dam egypt ut college of liberal arts the. More than 100,000 egyptian people and an additional 50,000 sudanese people were forced to move because their homes would soon be under the water held back by the aswan high dam. You can see aswan at the bottom, the last major settlement in the country or the first if you are coming from sudan. Egypt shighaswandam 211 mentandincreasingthewateryieldby18000mcmannuallythroughthree mainprojectsinbahrelgabel,bahrelgazaiandsobatcatchments.
The nile river, so important to egypt s populace, is no exception. The ethiopians are building a massive dam, and egypt is. Based on the success of the low dam, then at its maximum utilization, construction of the. Below it is massive lake nasser, created by the building of the aswan high dam in the 1970s. The aswan low dam that was completed in 1902 and the aswan high dam that was completed in 1970. Case studies from india, egypt and brazil, chapter. Aswan high dam built between i960 and 1971, the immense high dam is 3,830 m 12,562 ft across, 111m 364 ft high and 980 m 3,214 ft wide at its base. South of aswan and next to the sudanese border hides one of the most impressive temples of ancient egypt. Economic and technical aspects of egypts high aswan dam by. The dam was built at the former first cataract of the nile, and is located about km upriver and 690 km direct distance southsoutheast of cairo. When the dam almost overflowed in 1946 it was decided that rather than raise the dam a third time, a second dam would be built 6 km upriver about 4 miles. Lexicons added the term hydropolitics since the high dam at aswan. In a paper titled impacts of the high aswan dam, the authors note the wide difference in the perception of the aswan dam depending on whether you speak to. Find the perfect high dam, aswan, egypt stock photo.
Sep 04, 2012 the building of the aswan high dam which was completed in 1967 did not cause any increase in schistosomiasis prevalence. Aswan highdamcairo proposed hvdc transmission system. The dam, 364 feet 111 metres high, with a crest length of 12,562 feet 3,830 metres and a volume of 57,940,000 cubic yards 44,300,000. Nov 19, 2014 aswan low dam or old aswan dam and the high dam in the nile river in aswan, egypt. It took 10 years to build the dam and work was completed in 1970.